Quantitative Analysis of Dammarane-type Ginsenosides in Different Ginseng Products

Ginseng products available in different forms and preparations are reported to have varied bioactivities and chemical compositions. In our previous study, four new dammarane-type ginsenosides were isolated from Panax ginseng, which are ginsenoside Rg18 (1), 6-acetyl ginsenoside Rg3 (2), ginsenoside Rs11 (3), and ginsenoside Re7 (4). Accordingly, the goal of this study was to determine the distribution and content of these newly characterized ginsenosides in different ginseng products. The content of compounds 1 – 4 in different ginseng products was determined via HPLC-UV. The samples included ginseng roots from different ginseng species, roots harvested from different localities in Korea, and samples harvested at different cultivation ages and processed under different manufacturing methods. The four ginsenosides were present at varying concentrations in the different ginseng samples examined. The variations in their content could be attributed to species variation, and differences in cultivation conditions and manufacturing methods. The total concentration of compounds 1 – 4 were highest in ginseng obtained from Geumsan (185 µg/g), white-6 yr ginseng (150 µg/g), and P. quinquefolius (186 µg/g). The results of this study provide a basis for the optimization of cultivation conditions and manufacturing methods to maximize the yield of the four new ginsenosides in ginseng.

Optimization of Extraction Conditions and Quantitative Analysis of Isoquercitrin and Caffeic Acid from Aster scaber

To determine the optimum extraction conditions that give the highest yield of isoquercitrin and caffeic acid from Aster scaber, the effects of four extraction variables (solvent concentrations, extraction time, number of repeated extraction, and solvent volumes) on isoquercitrin and caffeic acid yield was examined via HPLC-UV. Our results showed that the highest extract and isoquercitrin yield were observed when A. scaber was extracted with 450 mL distilled water for 8 hr repeatedly for three times. In case of caffeic acid, the content was higher in the two repeated extracts. Also, content analysis of isoquercitrin in Aster species was performed in which A. fastigiatus, A. ageratoides, and A. scaber exhibited the highest isoquercitrin content at 6.39, 5.68, and 2.79 mg/g extract, respectively. In case of caffeic acid, the highest content of A. scaber and A. glehni was 0.64 and 0.56 mg/g extract, respectively. This study reports an optimized method for extraction of isoquercitrin and caffeic acid from A. scaber and evaluates potential sources of the compounds.

Determination of Silybin B in the Different Parts of Silybum marianum using HPLC-UV

Silymarin is the standardized extract from Silybum marianum which consists mainly of flavonoids and polyphenols. It is highly regarded for its hepatoprotective ability. Silybin B is a flavonolignan and one of the active components of silymarin. The content of silybin B in various parts of S. marianum was analyzed by HPLC-UV. Results show that the extract of seeds contain the highest amount of silybin B (7.434 mg/g DW). The petioles of S. marianum showed a low content of silybin B. This study revealed that seeds of S. marianum contain high amount of silybin B and could be a good source of the compound.

Content Analysis of Rutin in the Leaves of Boehmeria nivea Harvested in Different Regions of South Korea by HPLC-UV

Phytochemical analysis of Boehmeria nivea (Bn) leaves by medium pressure liquid chromatography led to the isolation of a flavonoid glycoside identified by spectroscopic analysis as rutin. The amount of rutin in the leaves of Bn harvested from nine regions in South Korea (Bn 1–9) which were collected on the months of June, July, August, and September was determined by HPLC-UV analysis. A gradient elution program that utilizes a Discovery® C18 (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm) column and mobile phase composed of 1% acetic acid-water: acetonitrile (90:10 to 60:40 for min) was followed. The injection volume and flow rate were 10 µl and 1 mL/ min, respectively. UV detection was set at 350 nm. Results show that Bn-8 harvested in September reported the highest content of rutin among the samples analyzed. This study provides a basis for the optimal harvest time of Bn which maximizes the yield of rutin.

Quantitative Determination of Bakkenolide D in Petasites japonicus and Farfugium japonicum by HPLC/UV

A quantitative analysis of bakkenolide D in the different parts of Petasites japonicus and Farfugium japonicum was performed by HPLC. A gradient HPLC elution system with a mobile phase consisting of water:acetonitrile solution (20:80 to 0:100 for 45 min) was followed and an INNO C₁₈ column was used for the chromatographic separation. The injection volume, flow rate, and UV detection were 10 µL, 1 mL/min, and 290 nm, respectively. Results show that both species showed the highest amount of bakkenolide D in the roots being 107.203 and 166.103 mg/g for P. japonicas and F. japonicum, respectively. Content analysis on the different parts of both plants displayed remarkably lower values which ranged from 0.403 – 4.419 and 7.252 – 32.614 mg/g for P. japonicas and F. japonicum, respectively. The results show that the roots of both plants are rich in bakkenolide D showing a promising use in the development of nutraceuticals and industrial application of the compound.